Calendar. On August 3, 1775, Tsarina Katarzyna II issued a manifesto eliminating the Zaporożska Sicz and prohibiting the use of the name of the Zaporian Cossacks. The document justified the decision “disobedient with the highest orders” and “Cossacks’ own progress. Earlier, at the beginning of June 1775, Russian troops under the command of General Piotr Tekiele, returning from the Russian-Turkish war, surrounded the new (Pidpilnieńska) with powerful forces: ten infantry regiments, thirteen Cossack, eight cavalry, twenty Husarski and seventeen squadron of pikiniers. Kisz Otaman Petro Kalnyshewsky convened advice. After a turbulent discussion, in which the clergy and elders took the floor, it was decided to give up without a fight, fearing slaughter and retaliation on families, remembering the tragedy of Baturan from 1709. The manifesto formally ended the existence of a Zaporozhian host. Russia considered it an anarchic and dangerous structure. The plaintiff, however, was deeper: after Russia’s victory over the Ottoman Empire and the Treaty in Küçük Kayniec, the Tatar threat decreased, and Zaporozhye – unnecessary as the border guards – became an obstacle to the plans to colonize Noworossia. After the liquidation, some of the Cossacks were incorporated into military settlements or turned into serf peasants in the lands of the Novorossian and Azów governorates. Cossack aristocracy received noble titles and earthly nods, entering the ranks of the Russian courtyard. Hetman Petro Kalnyshewsky was sent to the Sołowieckie Islands, where he spent the rest of his life, living according to reports of 112 years. A significant group of Cossacks – from 5 to 10,000 – escaped to the Danube Delta, where they founded Sicz Dunaje in the lands of the Ottoman Empire. Others were looking for shelter in the Habsburg monarchy, and according to legend even in Malta. In later years, Prince Grigory Potomkin tried to get them back, promising the lands and military service, but most refused.

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