Poland is an energy transition enigma: It is one of the most heavily coal-reliant countries in the developed world and has yet to set a concrete date to stop using coal for electricity generation, but it embraces renewables, is launching an ambitious nuclear power program and has enjoyed major success adding renewable capacity. Renewables enjoy broad if qualified support, with energy security an increasingly important driver. Still, Warsaw consistently questions EU transition ambitions, opposing key pieces of climate legislation — from a cost and flexibility stance — such as the bloc’s 2040 greenhouse gas reduction target or its carbon pricing scheme for road transport and buildings under ETS2.
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