Fayyaz AU, Eltony M, Prokop LJ, Koepp KE, Borlaug BA, Dasari S, et al. Pathophysiological insights into HFpEF from studies of human cardiac tissue. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2025;22:90–104.
Wu CK, Lee JK, Hsu JC, Su MM, Wu YF, Lin TT, et al. Myocardial adipose deposition and the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22:445–54.
Chang KC, Su TH, Wu CK, Huang SC, Tseng TC, Hong CM, et al. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is associated with increased risks of heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2025;27:512–20.
Lin TT, Lee CK, Huang KC, Wu CK, Lee JK, Lan CW, et al. Differentiating the prognostic determinants of myocardial steatosis for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023;12:e027781.
Lin TT, Sung YL, Syu JY, Lin KY, Hsu HJ, Liao MT, et al. Anti-inflammatory and antiarrhythmic effects of beta blocker in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9:e016084.
Chang KC, Lin TT, Wang TC, Chuang SL, Lee CC, Wu CK, et al. Fibrosis-4 index reflects the severity of tricuspid regurgitation and patient prognosis in atrial fibrillation. Eur J Heart Fail. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.3761). e-pub ahead of print 2025/07/15.
Huang CY, Lin TT, Wu YF, Chiang FT, Wu CK. Long-term prognostic value of estimated plasma volume in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Sci Rep. 2019;9:14369.
Packer M. SGLT2 inhibitors: role in protective reprogramming of cardiac nutrient transport and metabolism. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2023;20:443–62.
Seemann F, Arvidsson P, Nordlund D, Kopic S, Carlsson M, Arheden H, et al. Noninvasive quantification of pressure-volume loops from brachial pressure and cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019;12:e008493.
Arvidsson PM, Berg J, Carlsson M, Arheden H. Noninvasive pressure-volume loops predict major adverse cardiac events in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. JACC Adv. 2024;3:100946.
Huang KC, Lin TT, Lin LC, Lin LY, Wu CK. Right ventricular myocardial work predicts pulmonary capillary wedge pressure rise during exercise in heart failure. JACC Adv. 2025;4:101905.
Nakagawa A, Yasumura Y, Yoshida C, Okumura T, Tateishi J, Yoshida J, et al. Predictors and outcomes of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction above or below 60. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11:e025300.
Cheng JF, Huang PS, Chen ZW, Huang CY, Lan CW, Chen SY, et al. Post-exercise left atrial conduit strain predicted hemodynamic change in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Eur Radiol. 2024;34:1825–35.
Lin TT, Chen TY, Cheng JF, Lin LY, Wu CK. Chronotropic incompetence and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2025;14:e037290.
Han JC, Taberner AJ, Tran K, Nickerson DP, Nash MP, Nielsen PM, et al. Relating components of pressure-volume area in Suga’s formulation of cardiac energetics to components of the stress-time integral. J Appl Physiol. 2012;113:988–95.
Arvidsson PM, Green PG, Watson WD, Shanmuganathan M, Heiberg E, De Maria GL, et al. Non-invasive left ventricular pressure-volume loops from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and brachial blood pressure: validation using pressure catheter measurements. Eur Heart J. 2023;1:1–10.
Wang R, Schiattarella GG. Tackling metabolic defects in HFpEF. Eur Heart J. 2024;45:1494–6.
Borlaug BA. The pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2014;11:507–15.
Kawaguchi M, Hay I, Fetics B, Kass DA. Combined ventricular systolic and arterial stiffening in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: implications for systolic and diastolic reserve limitations. Circulation. 2003;107:714–20.
Chirinos JA, Sweitzer N. Ventricular-arterial coupling in chronic heart failure. Card Fail Rev. 2017;3:12–8.
Ikonomidis I, Aboyans V, Blacher J, Brodmann M, Brutsaert DL, Chirinos JA, et al. The role of ventricular-arterial coupling in cardiac disease and heart failure: assessment, clinical implications and therapeutic interventions. A consensus document of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Aorta & Peripheral Vascular Diseases, European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, and Heart Failure Association. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21:402–24.
Rosch S, Kresoja KP, Besler C, Fengler K, Schöber AR, von Roeder M, et al. Characteristics of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction across the range of left ventricular ejection fraction. Circulation. 2022;146:506–18.
Paulus WJ, Tschöpe C. A novel paradigm for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: comorbidities drive myocardial dysfunction and remodeling through coronary microvascular endothelial inflammation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:263–71.
Dai DF, Rabinovitch PS, Ungvari Z. Mitochondria and cardiovascular aging. Circ Res. 2012;110:1109–24.
Selvaraj S, Myhre PL, Vaduganathan M, Claggett BL, Matsushita K, Kitzman DW, et al. Application of diagnostic algorithms for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction to the community. JACC Heart Fail. 2020;8:640–53.
Suga H. Total mechanical energy of a ventricle model and cardiac oxygen consumption. Am J Physiol. 1979;236:H498–505.
Capone F, Sotomayor-Flores C, Bode D, Wang R, Rodolico D, Strocchi S, et al. Cardiac metabolism in HFpEF: from fuel to signalling. Cardiovasc Res. 2022;118:3556–75.
Suga H, Hayashi T, Shirahata M. Ventricular systolic pressure-volume area as predictor of cardiac oxygen consumption. Am J Physiol-Heart Circulatory Physiol. 1981;240:H39–44.
Nagueh SF, Middleton KJ, Kopelen HA, Zoghbi WA, Quiñones MA. Doppler tissue imaging: a noninvasive technique for evaluation of left ventricular relaxation and estimation of filling pressures. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:1527–33.
Nagueh SF, Sanborn DY, Oh JK, Anderson B, Billick K, Derumeaux G, et al. Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography and for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction diagnosis: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2025;38:537–69.
Seemann F, Heiberg E, Bruce CG, Khan JM, Potersnak A, Ramasawmy R, et al. Non-invasive pressure-volume loops using the elastance model and CMR: a porcine validation at transient pre-loads. Eur Heart J Imaging Methods Pract. 2024;2:qyae016.
Walley KR. Left ventricular function: time-varying elastance and left ventricular aortic coupling. Crit Care. 2016;20:270.
Wang Y, Yang P, Yan Z, Liu Z, Ma Q, Zhang Z, et al. The relationship between erythrocytes and diabetes mellitus. J Diab Res. 2021;2021:6656062.
Jauregibeitia I, Portune K, Rica I, Tueros I, Velasco O, Grau G, et al. Fatty acid profile of mature red blood cell membranes and dietary intake as a new approach to characterize children with overweight and obesity. Nutrients. 2020;12:3446.
Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Ferreira JP, Bocchi E, Böhm M, et al. Empagliflozin in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:1451–61.
Packer M, Zile MR, Kramer CM, Baum SJ, Litwin SE, Menon V, et al. Tirzepatide for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025;392:427–37.
Vaduganathan M, Patel RB, Michel A, Shah SJ, Senni M, Gheorghiade M, et al. Mode of death in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69:556–69.
