• Le Bihan, J., Lapi, T. & Halloy, J. Beyond 2050: from deployment to renewal of the global solar and wind energy system. PLoS Sustain. Transform. 5, e0000234 (2026).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • de Vries, A. The growing energy footprint of artificial intelligence. Joule 7, 2191–2194 (2023).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Onat, N. C. et al. Rebound effects undermine carbon footprint reduction potential of autonomous electric vehicles. Nat. Commun. 14, 6258 (2023).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tsani, T. et al. Quantifying the trade-offs between renewable energy visibility and system costs. Nat. Commun. 16, 3853 (2025).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Schwartz, J. A., Ricks, W., Kolemen, E. & Jenkins, J. D. The value of fusion energy to a decarbonized United States electric grid. Joule 7, 675–699 (2023).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wortmann, B., Stolten, D. & Heinrichs, H. Critical iridium demands arising from future expansion of proton exchange membrane electrolysis. Preprint at https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2509.05357 (2025).

  • Jung, C. & Schindler, D. Development of onshore wind turbine fleet counteracts climate change-induced reduction in global capacity factor. Nat. Energy 7, 608–619 (2022).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Xu, L. et al. Resilience of renewable power systems under climate risks. Nat. Rev. Electr. Eng. 1, 53–66 (2024).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bennett, J. A. et al. Extending energy system modelling to include extreme weather risks and application to hurricane events in Puerto Rico. Nat. Energy 6, 240–249 (2021).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • van Vuuren, D. P. et al. Exploring pathways for world development within planetary boundaries. Nature 641, 910–916 (2025).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gidden, M. J. et al. A prudent planetary limit for geologic carbon storage. Nature 645, 124–132 (2025).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Maier, R. et al. Impact of foresight horizons on energy system decarbonization pathways. Adv. Appl. Energy 18, 100217 (2025).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Schulze, K., Kullmann, F., Weinand, J. M. & Stolten, D. Overcoming the challenges of assessing the global raw material demand of future energy systems. Joule 8, 1936–1957 (2024).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kotzur, L. et al. A modeler’s guide to handle complexity in energy systems optimization. Adv. Appl. Energy 4, 100063 (2021).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Frey, U. J., Cao, K.-K., Sasanpour, S., Buschmann, J. & Breuer, T. The benefits of exploring a large scenario space for future energy systems. Nat. Commun. 17, 873 (2026).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Share.

    Comments are closed.