Luxembourg’s fertility rate has declined gradually over past decades to reach 1.25 live births per woman in 2024, the latest data published by the EU’s official statistics agency Eurostat on Friday.
At 1.25 live births per woman, Luxembourg is not meeting the replacement rate, the level needed for the population to grow without migration.
Malta had the EU’s lowest fertility rate in 2024, with just 1 baby born per woman. Spain, Lithuania, Poland, Estonia, Italy, Greece and Latvia hovered between 1.1 and 1.24 live births.
The EU average was 1.34, with women having more babies in Bulgaria (1.72), France (1.61) and Slovenia (1.52), among other countries. However, not a single EU member state reached the 2.1 births required to meet the replacement rate.
A decade before, in 2014, Luxembourg’s fertility rate was at 1.5. The last time it was over 2 was back in 1969, according to Eurostat. It has steadily declined since then with some small fluctuations.
The EU average has only been included in the Eurostat statistics since 2001, when it stood at 1.43 live births per woman.
Despite the low fertility rate, Luxembourg’s population has ballooned, rising by over 50% since the start of the century, when it had close to 440,000 residents on the first day of 2000.
Luxembourg’s resident population stood at over 680,000 on 1 January 2025, according to data from the country’s official statistics agency Statec.