A map showing whether European countries are federal states or unitary states.

Posted by Cultural-Ad-8796

41 Comments

  1. If the UK is in the “It’s comlicated” category then I would argue that Denmark should be so as well, as it’s a pretty similar situation with Greenland and the Faroes Islands being autonomous territories of the Kingdom of Denmark

  2. Too simplistic.

    Spain is deliberately ambiguous in its constitution. Switzerland I think might be a confederacy, don’t know the details. Bosnia-Herzegovina is none of the above due to still having a UN representative holding certain powers i.e. not even fully sovereign state in its own right…

  3. Metropolitan France is a unitary state. But New Caledonia and French Polynesia are integral parts of France and suddenly France is a Federal state with 3 quite autonomous subdivisions…

  4. Had to think for a while what makes Finland so complicated. I guess it’s Åland.

  5. On a technical level, there are four categories Unitary (most states), Devolved (UK), Federal (Germany, the US, Australia etc) and Confederation (Currently none). You could change the “it’s complicated category to fit one of them.

  6. The U.K. is not complicated, it’s just a unitary state, with 3 semi-autonomous region

  7. Denmark and the Netherlands are basically in the same situation, why the two different colours then? Both are constituent kingdoms, like the UK.

  8. fortyfivepointseven on

    The UK is four countries in a trenchcoat, and if we’re honest, some of those are multiple countries in a trenchcoat.

  9. Pepe_the_fourth on

    If you add Crimea to the Ukraine, Ukraine becomes federal state, because pre-2014 it had been an autonomous republic, if I remember correctly.

  10. The Netherlands is just a unitary state. At least as long as you only show Europe in this map, because the European part of the Netherlands is a unitary state.

    Those three autonomous Caribbean islands are exceptions to the rule.

  11. Spain is definitely yellow. Formally it’s a unitary state, but it is one of the most decentralized countries in Europe.

  12. While Portugal is not a federation it is as complicated as Spain or the UK. Autonomous regions have their own presidents and governments.

  13. domini_canes11 on

    Not sure how the UK is “complicated”

    It’s Unitary, Parliament is sovereign, all power is devolved from Westminster and Westminster can take that power back at any moment.

  14. What are the situations in the yellow countries? I can imagine the UK and Spain and all their autonomous regions play a role?

  15. Federal states are better suited for very big or culturally diverse countries, while unitary states are more suited for smaller or culturally less diverse countries

  16. Fantastic_Back3191 on

    I wish he had a federal setup in UK, its too complcated right now with devolution.

  17. Kraj_the_Conqueror on

    Much of this map is bogus, because it doesn’t tell the difference between the de jure and the de facto situation.

    Theoretically, Russia is one of the most federalized states in existence. It has many federal subjects, some even called “republics”, all theoretically enjoying broad autonomy. And in fact it was such in the 1990s when region snatched much power from the disintegrating central authority. Today’s Russia us an incredibly centralized state, where local governments were defanged. Everything of importance is decided in Moscow. That there are no longer any free elections in the subjects goes without saying, every governor on head is in fact a Putin’s appointee with a show election to rubberstamp this. If there’s one reason why Putin even kept the theoretically “federal” structure it’s because local governors are convenient scapegoats for the central government not delivering its promises. For instance, when the families of the dead soldiers aren’t paid, it’s the governor who take the blame. Not that he received any money for that purpose from Moscow.

  18. AppointmentFar6096 on

    There’s nothing complicated about Moldova. They have 2 separate autonomous regions(Gagauzia and Transnistria) that are/were artificially kept alive by Russia to destabilize the zone.

    If not for Russia, Moldova would have probably united with Romania a loooong time ago since they speak the same language, have the same customs, were historically the same region(mostly).

  19. benjamin_t__ on

    I like the “complicated” status, because not everything falls in a federal/unitary category, but arguably a lot of countries have complicated arrangements:
    – Italian regions can pass laws and have their competencies protected by the Constitution
    – in France New Caledonia can also pass laws and has a constitutionally protected status…
    – Denmark should also be complicated if we think about Greenland and Faroe Islands: their arrangement is a bit similar to the Netherlands actually

    even if all are officially unitary states.

    On the contrary, Russia is officially a federation, but in practice federated entities are not autonomous from the central power.

  20. I’m not sure why Serbia is “complicated”, either because of the Kosovo situation, or the fact that we have two autonomous provinces.

  21. BillyBobBobbie on

    Why is Serbia not considered a unitary state under its current consitution? What’s complicated about it?

  22. Spain is a “de facto” federal country in all but name. The word “federal” was not used in the Constitution because the conservatives dislike it.

    It has “communities” that have “autonomy” with a considerable level of self government. It is one of the most decentralized countries in Europe.